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 §@ªÌ  Cibala (Sula)
 ¼ÐÃD  ºû®Ú´µ©Z
 ®É¶¡  Fri Oct 24 23:07:41 1997
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¡@¡@ºû®Ú´µ©Z¬O¤@­Ó©_©Çªº­õ¾Ç®a¡A°£¤F±MªùŪ­õ¾Çªº¤H¥H¥~¡A¤£¤Ó¦³¤Hª¾¹D¥Lªº¦W¦r¢÷
¡@¡@§Ú­Ìµe¤@¹Ï¡G
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¡@¡@¦è¬v­õ¾Ç¤@ª½³ò¶³o¤TªÌ¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡A¨È¨½´µ¦h¼w«K¤w·NÃѨì³o¤TªÌ¡A¦ý¥u¬Oµ¹»P¤F
¤@ºØ¯À¾ë¹ïÀ³ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¥L»{¬°¤H¯à°÷»{ª¾³o¥@¬É¦Ó¥B¡A¯à°÷¥Î¤@­Ó§PÂ_¨Óªí¥Ü¥¦¡A³o­Ó§P
Â_ªº¥¿½T»P§_¨ú¨M©ó¦¹¥@¬Éªº¨Æ¹ê¢÷¦Ó¨È¨½´µ¦h¼w§â­«ÂIÂ\¦b¥@¬É¡A¬ã¨s¥Nªíªº¬O§Î¤W¾Ç
¢÷²Ã¥dº¸¥H«á¶}©lª`·N¨ì¤Hªº»{ª¾¯à¤Oªº°ÝÃD¡A¿³½ìÂà¦Vª¾ÃѽפWªº°ÝÃD¡A±d¼w¬°¨ä°ª®p
¢÷·í¥N­õ¾Ç«h·NÃѨì»y¨¥ªº°ÝÃD¡A¶}©l¹ï»y¨¥¦³²`¤@¼hªº±´°Q¢÷
¡@¡@­õ¾Ç­Ì¤£¥u¬O°Q½×»y¨¥ªº·½°_¡D¬yÅÜ¡A¥L­Ì¯S§O¬Ý­«¡A»y¬ã»P¥@¬É¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y»P»y¨¥
»P»{ª¾ªÌªºÃö«Y¢÷¤Æ¦¨°ÝÃD§Y¡Ð¡Ð»y¨¥¥H¦óºØ¤è¦¡«ü¯A¦¹¥@¬É¡H»y¨¥¦p¦ó»P»{ª¾¥DÅéµo¥Í
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¡@¡@¹ï»{ª¾¯à¤O¦³­­ªº¤H¨Ó»¡¡A¶V¾aªñ§Ú­ÌªºªF¦è§Ú­Ì¬Ýªº¶V¤£²M·¡¡D¡D§Ú­Ì±`±`¨Ï¥Î»y
¨¥·¾³q¡D§PÂ_¡Dµo°Ý¡A«o©¹©¹¤£¯d¤ß¦Û¤v¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥ªº¤è¦¡¡DºA«×¬O§_½T·í¡A·í¥N­õ¾Ç»{¬°
¥²¶·¥ý¼á²M³o¤@ÂI¡A¤~¯à¨Ï§Ú­Ìªº°Q½×½T·í¡D¡D¡D
¡@¡@ºû®Ú´µ©Z«K¬O¤@­Ó»y¨¥­õ¾Ç·¥­«­nªº­õ¾Ç®a¡A¹ï©ó§Ú­Ìªº»y¨¥¦p¦ó«ü¯A³o­Ó¥@¬É¡D¦p
¦ó»P³o­Ó¥@¬Éµo¥ÍÃöÁp¡A¦³µÛ²`¨èªº¨£¸Ñ¢÷¦A¨Ì·Ó»y¨¥»P¥@¬ÉªºÃö«Y¡A¬°»y¨¥µe¤U¤@¹D¬É
­­¡A«ü¥X¹ï§Ú­Ì¦Ó¨¥¡A¨º¨ÇªF¦è¬O¥i»¡ªº¡D¨º¨Ç¬O¤£¥i»¡¢÷ºû®Ú´µ©Z»{¬°¦b³o¼Ëªº°Ï¤À¤U
¡A­õ¾Çªº°ÝÃD³Q¸Ñ¨M¤j¥b¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ì¥ø¹Ï¨¥»¡¤£¥i¨¥»¡¤§¨Æ¡D¡D¡Dºû®Ú´µ©Zªº­õ¾Ç¤À¨â­Ó
¶¥¬q¡A¡G
¡@¡@¤@¡D«e´Á¡G¥HTractatus¬°¥Nªí¡A§^¤HºÙ¤§¬°»y¨¥ªº¹Ï¹³»¡¢÷
¡@¡@¤G¡D«á´Á¡G¥HPhilosophy Incestigation¬°¥Nªí¡AºÙ¤§¬°»y¨¥¹CÀ¸»¡¢÷
¡@¡@ºû®Ú´µ©Z©_©Çªº´N¬O¥L«á´Áªº«ä·QÄY¼F§åµû«e´Á¡A¦Ó¥L«e´Áªº«ä·Q»á¬°ÅÞ¿è¹êÃҽשÒ
ªY½à¡A¬O»á»Åªº¤@ÂI¡D¡D¡D¡D
¡@¡@±µ¤U¨Ó§Ú­Ì¦AºCºC½Í¡A¥L«e¨äªº¹Ï¹³»¡¡D¡D¡D¡D¡D«ÝÄò¡D¡D¡D¡D¡D

======================================================================

 §@ªÌ  Cibala (Sula)
 ¼ÐÃD  ºû®Ú´µ©ZÄò(¤@)
 ®É¶¡  Tue Oct 28 20:32:54 1997
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¡@¡@¤W¦¸¤j·§¤¶²Ð¤F¤@¤U·í¥N­õ¾Ç»y¨¥­õ¾ÇªºÂà¦V¡A²{¦b§Ú­Ì¦A¥¿¦¡¶}©l°Q½×¡D¡D¡D¡D
¡@¡@ºû«e´Á­õ¾Ç§^¤HºÙ¤§¬°»P¨¥¹Ï¹³»¡¡A²³æªº»¡´N¬O»y¨¥¬O¥@¬Éªº¤@´T¹Ï¹³¡A¤]¥i¥H
»¡¬O¤@­Ó¼Ò«¬¡A§Ú­Ì¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý¡D¡D¡D
¡@The world is all that is the case.
  The world is the totality of facts, not of things.
  The world is determined by the facts, and by their being all facts.
  The world divides into facts
  What is the case-a fact-is the existence of state of affairs
  A state of affairs is a combination of object.
  It is essential to things that they should be possible constituent of state
  of affairs.
  §Ú­Ì¤F¸Ñ¤@¤Uºûªº¥@¬ÉÆ[¡G
  ¥@¬É¥Ñfacts²Õ¦¨¡A¤£¬O¥Ñthings²Õ¦¨¡Athings¥Ñ§ó²Óªºstate of affairs²Õ¦¨¡Afacts
¬O¤£¦P©óstate of affairsªº¡A¦bÅÞ¿è¤Wªº·N«ä¤£¤@¼Ë¡A§Ú­Ì¡D¡D¡D¡D¦pªG¦³¿³½ì¦A°Ý§Ú
§a¡IJohn Benwise¹ï¥¦¦³¶i¤@¨Bªºµo®i!
  §Ú­Ì²³æªº»¡¡Astate of affairs¥i¥H»¡¬O­ì¤l¨Æ¹êatomic fact¡A¨Æ¹ê¤Wºûªº½×»¡²Ä
¤@ª©´N¬O¥Î³o­Ó½Ķ¡A¤Ï¥¿´N¬O¹ï¨Æ¹ê©Ò§@ÅÞ¿è¤ÀªR«á³Ì¤pªº¨Æ¹ê³¡¥÷¢÷
  ­ì¤l¨Æ¹ê¤S¬O¥Ñobject²Õ¦¨¡A¦ý¹ïºû¦Ó¨¥¡Aobject¨Ã«D¥@¬Éªº³Ì«á¤¸¯À¦]¬°¡A«ÈÅé¨ä
¹ê¬O¨Ìªþ­ì¤l¨Æ¹ê¦s¦bªº¡Aºû¤S»{¬°«ÈÅé¬O²³æªº¡A¦Ó¥B¬Oobject make up the
 substance of worldºû¦³¤@­Ó¥i¯à¥@¬Éªº·§©À¡A·N«ä¬O¥t¤@­Ó¥i¯à¥@¬Éªº«ÈÅé¸ò¦¹¥@¬É
¦P¥u¬O²Õ¦X¤è¦¡¤£¦P¡A§Ú­Ì¤£¯à·Q¹³¤@ºØ§¹¥þ¨S¨£¹Lªº·sÃC¦â¡A¥i¬O¥i¥H·Q¹³¤@¨Ç©_©Ç
ªº²Õ¦X¦p¡G²{¥N¦³¤ÕÀs¡@¡D¡D¡D¡D¡D
¡@«á¨Ó³o­Ó·§©À¨ì¤FKripke¤â¤W¦³¶i¤@¨Bªºµo®i¡A¦³¿³½ì¦b¨Ó°Q½×¡D¡D¡D¡D
¡@ºûªº¥@¬Éªº¤ÀªR¬O¯Â©â¶Hªº¡AÁ|¤£¥X¹ê¨Ò¡A©Ò¥H«Ü©êºp¡D¡D¡D¡D¡D
¡@«ÝÄò¡D¡D¡D¡D¡D

=======================================================================

 §@ªÌ  Cibala (Sula)
 ¼ÐÃD  ºû®Ú´µ©ZÄò
 ®É¶¡  Wed Nov  5 14:34:14 1997
¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w¢w

    ¨C¦¸¶}©l§Ú³£·|¸`¤@¬qTractatusªº¸Ü§@¬°°Q½×ªº¤º®e.....½Ð°È¥²¬Ý!!
    The picture facts to ourselves.
    *A picture presents a stituation  in logical space, the existence and
non-existence of states of affairs.
    A picture is a model ofo reality.
    *In a picture object have elements of the picture corresponding to them.
    In a picture elements of the picture are representatives of objects.
    A picture is a fact.
    The fact that the elements of a picture are related to one another in a
determinate way represents that things are related to one another in the same
way.
    *Let us call this connexion of its elements the structure of the picture,
and let us call the possibility of this structure the pictorial form of the
picture.
    *Pictorial form is the possibility that things are related to one another
in the same way as the elements of the picture.
    *That is how a picture is attached to reality; it reaches right out to it.
    *There must be something identical in a picture and what it decipts, to
enable the one to be a picture of the other at all, is its pictorial form.
    Logical picture can depicts the world.
    A picture represents a possibe situation in logical space.
    What a picture represents is its sense.
    It is impossible to tall from the picture alone whether its true or false.
    There are no pictures that are true a priori
    ³o¬O²Ä¤G³¹ªº¸`¿ý.......
    Sorry ¥ý¤Þ¥X¥y¤l, ¥ß¨è¸É¤W»¡¦W.....

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 §@ªÌ  Cibala (Sula)
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 ®É¶¡  Sun Nov  9 20:10:01 1997
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    Ä~Äò.....
    ¤W¤@½g½Íºû®Ú´µ©Z¦p¦óºc³y¥@¬É¡A³o¤@½g§Ú­Ì½Í¥Lºc³y»y¨¥¢÷
¡@¡@²Ä¤@¥yÅã¥Ü¤Fºû«ä·Qªº¤¤¤ß¡A»y¨¥¬O¥@¬Éªº¹Ï¹³¡A¬O¹ê¦b¬Éªº¼Ò«¬¢÷§A¥i¥H·Q¹³¤@
­Ó¤pªº±Ð«Çùئ³¤@­Ó¦Ñ®v¤­­Ó¾Ç¥Í¡AµM«á§Ú­Ì§@¤@­Ó¹ïÀ³³o­Ó©Ð¶¡ªº¼Ò«¬¡AùØ­±¥Î¤p¤H
ªº¼Ò«¬¥N´À¯u¹êªº¤H¡A±Æ¤W¤@­Ó¦Ñ®v¼Ò«¬¦b¥[¤W¤­­Ó¾Ç¥Í¡A¦p¦¹«K¥i¸ÑÄÀ¸Ó©Ð¶¡ªºª¬ªp
¢÷¤@¥ó¦³½ìªº¬O¡A³o­Ó¼Ò«¬¬OÀRºAªº¡D¡D§Ú­Ì­n»¡³o¬O»y¨¥ªº­­¨î¶Ü¡H
¡@¡@¢÷¢ó¡I§Ú­Ìªº»y¨¥«K¬O¦p¦¹¦a¤ÏÀ³¹ê¦b¬É¡A¥u¤£¹L¥N´À¯u¹êª«ªº¼Ò«¬¬O¤@¨Ç»y¥y©M
»yµü½}¤F¡I¨ä¹ê§A¥i¥H§â¥¦·Qªº§ó²³æ¡Aºû·Qªº´N¬OÅÞ¿è¤Wªº¤@¤@¹ïÀ³¡A¨Ò¦p¡G®à¤l³o
­Ó¹ê¦b¬Éªº¹êÅé¹ïÀ³µÛ<®à¤l>³o­Ó¦Wµü¢÷°O±o§Ú­Ì«e­±»¡ªººûªº¥@¬ÉÆ[¬O¥Ñ¤@ºØÅÞ¿èµ²
ºc²Õ¦¨ªº¡A§Y¡G
¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¥@¬É¥Ñ¨Æ¹ê²Õ¦¨¡GThe world is all that is the case.
          ¨Æ¹ê¥Ñ°ò¥»ªº­ì¤l¨Æ¹ê²Õ¦¨¡GWhat is the case is the existence of
                                    states of affairs.
          °ò¥»¨Æ¹ê¥Ñ«ÈÅé²Õ¦¨¡GA states of affairs is a combination of object.
    ºûªº»y¨¥Æ[¤]¬O¦p¦P¤WªÌ¡A¦³©Ò¿×¹ïÀ³objectªºname¡A¹ïÀ³states of arrairsªº
elementary proposition¡A©M¹ïÀ³caseªºproposition¢÷³o¨Ç¦bºûªº«ä·Q¬O¤@ºØ¹ïÀ³²Õ¦X
ªºÃö«Y¡A¨Æ¹ê¥Ñ­ì¤l¨Æ¹ê²Õ¦¨¡F©RÃD¤]¥Ñ°ò¥»©RÃD²Õ¦¨µ¥µ¥¡D¡D¡D¤ñ¸û½ÆÂøªº©RÃD§Ú­Ì
¥i¥H§â¥¦¤À¸Ñ¬°¤ñ¸û²³æªº©RÃD¦Ó¥B¥Ñ¤@­Ó¯u­È¨ç¼Æ±o¨ì¢÷¦p§Ú»¡¡G§Ú¤µ¤Ñ¥h³Ü¯ù¤S¥h
¬Ý¹q¼v¡A³o­Ó©RÃD¥i¤À¸Ñ¬°  §Ú¤µ¤Ñ¥h³Ü¯ù and §Ú¤µ¤Ñ¥h¬Ý¹q¼v¡A³o¥y¸Üªº¯u°²«K¨ú¨M
©ó¡G¨â­Ó°ò¥»©RÃDªº¯u°²­È¡A­Y¨â©RÃD¬Ò¬°¯u¡A«h¦¹©RÃD¬°¯u¡F­Y¨ä¤¤¦³¤@¬°°²¡A«h¾ã
¥y¬°°²¢÷¥Ñ°ò¥»»y¥y©M¤@¨Ç¯u­È¨ç¼ÆªºÅÞ¿è²Å¸¹¥i¥H¨M©w¤@»y¥yªº¯u°²­È¢÷
¡@¡@ºûºÙ³o¨Ç¤¸¯À¤§¶¡ªº³sµ²¬°¥¦­ÌªºStructure¡A§â§Ú¥i¯àµo¥Íªº¤@²ÕStructureºÙ¬°
pictorial form¡A¥¦¬O¹ê¦b¬Éªº³sµ²¡A¤]³Q¤Ï¬M¦b»y¨¥¬É¢÷©Ò¥H»y¨¥¥i¥H´y­z¹ê¦bªº¹Ï
¹³¡A¦]¥¦­Ì¦b¤¸¯À»Pµ²ºc¤W©¼¦¹¹ïÀ³¬ÛÃö¢÷
¡@¡@¨º»y¨¥³Ì®Ú¥»¥u¬O»P¹ê¦b¹ïÀ³¦Ó¤w¡AµL¥ô¦óÃö«Y¡H¨S¿ù¡Iºû»¡¡GIt reaches right
out to it!§Ú­Ì¥iÂǹï»y¥yªº¤ÀªRÁ٭쬰°ò¥»©RÃD¥H¦Ü©ó¤@°ï¦WºÙªºÅÞ¿è²Õ¦X¡A¦ý¡A¦W
ºÙ»P¹ê¦b¬É´N¶È¶È¬O¹ï¤W¥h´N¬O¹ï¤W¥h¤F¡I§Ú­Ì¥i»¡¥¦¬O¥ô·Nªº¡A³W¬ùªº¡AµL½×¦p¦ó³o
¨Ç°ò¥»¶ì§÷³£¬O¥²­nªº¡I
¡@¡@¹ïºû¦Ó¨¥¨S¦³¥ýÅç¯uªº©RÃD¡A»y¨¥¬O¹ê¦b¬Éªº¤ÏÀ³¡A¯u°²«K¨ú¨M©ó¦¹¨âªÌªº¹ïÀ³¦Ó
«D¬O¤@ºØ»y¥yªº­zµü¡IÅ޿襻¨­¤ä«ù³oºØÆ[ÂI¡A¥L¦b¬YºØµ{«×¤W°±¤î¤FÃö©ó¯u²zÆ[ªº¬Y
ºØµL­­«á°h¡A«á¨Ó¦bTarskiªº¤â¤W¤j©ñ²§±m¡I
¡@¡@³oùئ³¤@­Ó§xÃø¥²­n»¡©ú¡Gºû¦bºc¦¨©RÃD°£¤F¥Î¨ì°ò¥»©RÃD¡D¦WºÙµ¥ª«©|¥Î¨ìÅÞ¿è
²Å¸¹¡I³o¨ÇªF¦è¬O¤°»ò¡H¦³ªF¦è¹ïÀ³¥¦¶Ü¡H³oùزo¯AÅ޿誺¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û½ÆÂøªºÆ[©À¥s¡G
disappearance theory of logical constants §Ú­Ì«K¸õ¹L§a¡I¦bºûªº«ä·Q¤¤¡AÅÞ¿è¬O
¹ê¦b¬Éªº§Î¦¡¡A¦ÓÅÞ¿è±`µü¥Nªí¥¦¡AÅÞ¿è¹M¥¬¥@¬É¡A¥@¬Éªº¬É­­´N¬OÅ޿誺¬É­­¡I
¡@¡@¥Ø«e¬°¤î¡Aºû¬°»y¨¥µe¤Uªº¬É­­¬O¦ÛµM¬ì¾ÇªºÁ`¦X¡A¥i¬O³oºØ«ä¦Ò¥u¬O¤ñ¸û¯À¾ëªº
¬ì¾ÇÆ[¢÷«á¨ÓªºÆ[¹î»y¥y²z½×»y¥yªº°ÝÃD¤´¥¼¥X²{¡I©Ò¦³¦¹¥H¥~ªºªF¦è¦p§Î¤W¾Ç¡D©v±Ð
³£¬O¥ø¹Ï¨¥»¡¤£¥i¨¥»¡ªÌ¡I§Ú­Ì¥ý¦Ü¦¹¬°¤î¡A¦AÄò¡I

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